Coexistence with Non-Muslims in The Prophetic Traditions: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This paper aims to clarify and study the position of the Prophetic traditions (Hadith) on coexistence with non-Muslims. It addresses the importance of dialogue, and the principles of coexistence found in the primary Islamic sources, to formulate a model to be emulated in the present era. The research used the inductive method to gather the Ahadith and traditions related to the topic, the deductive method to trace and authenticate the relevant traditions as well as to formulate a conceptual framework for dealing with non-Muslims according to the prophetic approach, and the analytical method to analyse the concept of peaceful coexistence with non-Muslims. The results of this study show that the Prophetic traditions acknowledge the rights of non-Muslims, permit mixing with them and coexisting with them, guarantee them freedom of belief and freedom of practicing their religion, grant them freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of education, freedom of work and trade, and ensure for them justice, protection from aggression, and good treatment. Islam advocates the policy of tolerance and coexistence and opposes extremism and sectarianism. The Prophet (PBUH) was tolerant and kind towards the people of other faiths. He engaged in dialogue with non-Muslims in the best manner and ensured that they lived in the Muslim society peacefully, respectfully, and with dignity. This study also concludes that being firm in belief and strict adherence to religion do not mean rudeness and misbehaviour with people of other faiths, nor does it contradict the teachings of being kind and showing good manners to non-Muslims while engaging with them in dialogues or debates.