Hukum Pemindahan Organ Haiwan Kepada Manusia [The Law of Transplantation of Animal Organs to Humans]

Abstract

Dalam istilah perubatan pemindahan organ haiwan kepada manusia dipanggil xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation dalam definisi yang mudah ialah pemindahan sel hidup, tisu, atau organ haiwan kepada manusia. Fatwa pemindahan organ daripada manusia kepada manusia sudah jelas. Namun isu pemindahan organ atau tisu haiwan terutama haiwan yang terhukum najis dan haram secara syarak ke tubuh manusia memerlukan penerangan dan perbincangan yang jelas. Prinsip asas bagi pemindahan organ melibatkan haiwan-manusia adalah harus. Namun hukumnya boleh berubah kepada haram jika melibatkan haiwan najis seperti anjing dan babi. Pemindahan organ babi kepada manusia adalah dibolehkan dengan syarat ia adalah darurat yang disahkan oleh pakar perubatan dan tidak ada alternatif lain yang lebih sesuai. Jika sudah ada alternatif lain yang halal, maka terbatallah keharusan ini. Walaupun begitu, organ babi yang telah dipindahkan kepada pesakit, tidak perlu digantikan jika ia boleh mendatangkan mudarat kepada pesakit. Pemindahan organ yang dilakukan bagi tujuan rawatan sebegini ialah pilihan terakhir bagi menyelamatkan nyawa pesakit yang menghidap kegagalan organ peringkat akhir. Kaedah-kaedah fiqh yang diguna pakai dalam hukum pemindahan organ ini berasaskan kepada pemindahan organ ini dilakukan dalam keadaan terdesak, tiada pilihan dan keselamatan nyawa pesakit amat bergantung pada pemindahan organ tersebut. Penulisan kali ini akan membahaskan hukum pemindahan organ haiwan terutamanya yang berstatus haram seperti jantung babi kepada manusia.

In medical terms, the transfer of animal organs to humans is called xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation, in its simplest definition, is the transfer of living cells, tissues, or organs of animals to humans. The fatwa on transferring organs from humans to humans is clear. However, the issue of transferring animal organs or tissues, especially those of animals that are legalized as unclean and haram by syarak, to human bodies needs to be clearly explained and discussed. According to the basic principle of organ transplantation involving animals and humans, it is permissible as long as it is necessary. However, the ruling may change to haram if it involves unclean animals such as dogs and pigs. In emergencies authorized by medical experts and where there is no more suitable alternative, transferring pig organs to humans is permissible. However, if a halal alternative exists, then this necessity is nullified. It is also not necessary to remove a pig organ that has been transferred to a patient if it can cause harm to the patient. Organ removal is considered a last resort to save the life of a patient suffering from terminal organ failure. The fiqh methods used in the law of organ removal are based on the fact that it is carried out in a state of urgency, the last option and the safety of the patient's life is very dependent on the transplantation of the organ. This writing aims to discuss the law of transferring animal organs, especially those with haram status, such as pig hearts, to humans.