Analisis Teori Tadbir Urus Islam Era Khalifah Abu Bakar As-Siddiq Berdasarkan Sumber al-Quran [Analysis of Islamic Governance Theory in The Era of Abu Bakar as-Siddiq Based on al-Qur'an Sources]

Abstract

Pemerintahan yang hebat bermula daripada pemimpin yang bijaksana dan berjasa kepada negara dan masyarakat. Oleh itu, kelayakan Abu Bakar As-Siddiq sebagai khalifah menjadi tanda tanya disebabkan Rasulullah SAW tidak meninggalkan sebarang wasiat bagi pengganti baginda untuk memimpin negara. Disebabkan perkara ini, telah berlakunya kontroversi dan perdebatan antara golongan Muhajirin dan Ansar. Pada era globalisasi ini, generasi baharu telah didedahkan dengan hiburan yang melampau dan ini juga menyebabkan generasi era kini tidak lagi gemar mengenali tokoh dan pejuang agama dan negara, apatah lagi untuk mendalami sejarah Islam. Para pengkaji terdahulu juga tidak memfokuskan kepada tadbir urus secara menyeluruh atau mewujudkan tema-tema tadbir urus yang sebenar dalam pentadbiran khalifah Abu Bakar As-Siddiq. Justeru itu, kajian ini meneliti sejarah tadbir urus Islam era Khalifah Abu Bakar As-Siddiq dan menganalisis teori tadbir urus Islam era Khalifah Abu Bakar As-Siddiq berdasarkan sumber al-Quran. Oleh itu, metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah kualitatif. Metode penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan dua kaedah iaitu kaedah pengumpulan data dan kaedah analisis data. Sejarah tadbir urus Khalifah Abu Bakar As-Siddiq berkisar pada bidang politik seperti pelaksanaan eksekutif, legislatif dan judisiari. Seterusnya dalam bidang ekonomi seperti pembentukan Baitul Mal, bidang agama dan bidang sosial. Seterusnya, penyelesaian konflik dalaman seperti gerakan Riddah, golongan menolak zakat dan golongan Nabi palsu. Dasar dan Pembaharuan turut dilakukan penaklukan wilayah luar, pelaksanaan keinginan Rasulullah SAW dalam pemerintahan dan keamanan yang dicapai. Teori tadbir urus berdasarkan tiga ayat al-Quran iaitu ayat 103 surah Ali-Imraan, ayat 4 surah as-Saff dan ayat 17 surah an-Naml iaitu umat Islam memerlukan kehidupan yang mempunyai garis panduan yang berpandukan al-Quran dan Hadis serta perlu mempunyai seorang pemimpin yang mengajak mereka untuk melaksanakan sistem hidup yang berteraskan ajaran agama Islam. Kajian ini diharap dapat menghasilkan kajian terbaharu berdasarkan rujukan-rujukan terkini yang berkaitan dengan tadbir urus Islam dalam era pemerintahan Khalifah Abu Bakar As-Siddiq bahkan dapat memberikan gambaran sistem tadbir urus yang diperkenalkan pada era tersebut.

Great governance starts from wise leaders who serve the country and society. Therefore, the qualification of Abu Bakar As-Siddiq as caliph was question mark because the Prophet SAW did not leave any will for his successor to lead the country. Because of this, there has been controversy and debate between the Muhajirin and the Ansar. In this era of globalization, the new generation has been exposed to extreme entertainment and this has also caused the generation of the current era to no longer getting to know figures and religious among the history of Islam. The previous researchers also did not focus on governance as a whole or create real governance themes in the administration of Caliph Abu Bakar As-Siddiq. Therefore, this study examines the history of Islamic governance in the era of Caliph Abu Bakar As-Siddiq and analyzes the theory of Islamic governance in the era of Caliph Abu Bakar As-Siddiq based on al-Quran sources. Therefore, the method used in this study is a qualitative method. This qualitative research method uses two methods, namely the data collection method and the data analysis method. The history of Caliphate Abu Bakar As-Siddiq's governance revolves around political fields such as executive, legislative and judicial implementation. Next in the economic field such as the formation of Baitul Mal, the religious field and the social field. Next, the resolution of internal conflicts such as the Riddah movement, the group rejecting zakat and the group of false prophets. Policies and Reforms were also carried out in the conquest of foreign territories, the implementation of the wishes of the Prophet SAW in the government and peace achieved. The governance theory is based on three verses of the Qur'an, namely verse 103 of Surah Ali-Imraan, verse 4 of Surah as-Saff and verse 17 of Surah An-Naml, which means that Muslims need a life that has guidelines based on the Qur'an and Hadith and need to have a leaders who invite them to implement a life system based on Islamic teachings. This study is expected to produce the latest research based on the latest references related to Islamic governance in the era of the reign of Caliph Abu Bakar As-Siddiq and even provide an overview of the governance system introduced in that era.