Practices of Islamic Governance: A Comprehensive Study with Focus on NGOs

Abstract

This comprehensive study delves into the practices of Islamic governance, with a specific focus on Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Utilizing a qualitative research methodology involving an extensive review of scholarly books and journal articles, the study explores various facets of Islamic governance within the context of NGOs. The foundation of Islamic governance is rooted in trustworthiness ('amanah), as emphasized in Islamic scripture. Trustworthiness forms the cornerstone of Islamic governance, encompassing principles of justice, ethics, and social justice. The primary objective of Islamic governance, as derived from the Quran, is to establish social justice and ethics on Earth, underlining the interconnectedness of governance and ethical conduct. An operational framework for Islamic governance is presented, comprising theological, jurisprudential, Quranic, and cultural components. This study highlights the key differences between Islamic and Western governance, particularly in terms of their objectives and decision-making processes. While both aim for collective action and social justice, Islamic governance places a greater emphasis on spiritual and ethical values. Ethical foundations in Islamic governance are derived from the Quran and the Sunnah, guiding principles with divine authority. The study further conducts a comprehensive examination of governance practices within Islamic NGOs. It investigates decision-making processes, financial management, ethical frameworks, leadership styles, stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution mechanisms, and regulatory compliance. Case studies of Palestinian-based NGOs and Malaysian organizations, including IKRAM and ABIM, reveal varying approaches and practices in these aspects, shedding light on how Islamic principles are applied in practical governance. Finally, the study underscores the importance of stakeholder engagement, ethical frameworks, and compliance in Islamic NGOs. It discusses the role of Islamic organizations such as Islamic Relief, Muhammadiyah, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in conflict resolution and their commitment to transparency and accountability. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of Islamic governance principles and their application within NGOs. It contributes to the growing body of literature on Islamic governance and offers valuable insights into the practices of Islamic NGOs, demonstrating their role in promoting ethical conduct, social justice, and transparency.