Siyasah al-Qadi dalam Pentadbiran Kehakiman: Perbandingan antara Perbahasan Fiqh dan Amalan Semasa di Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia

[Siyasah al-Qadi in Judicial Administration: A Comparison Between Fiqh Debate and Current Practice in The Syariah Courts in Malaysia

Abstract

Siyasah al-qadi dalam genre fiqh klasik dibincangkan di bawah perbahasan adab al-qadi. Dalam menjalankan urus tadbir mahkamah, hakim atau institusi kehakiman berperanan untuk mengambil apa-apa tindakan berbentuk maslahah berasaskan siyasah shar’iyyah bagi memastikan keadilan benar-benar dapat ditegakkan. Sebelum adanya Arahan Amalan Mahkamah Syariah, para hakim dalam menjalankan prosiding kehakiman hanya merujuk kepada adab al-qadi yang digariskan dalam kitab-kitab fiqh hingga mewujudkan polisi dan amalan yang tidak seragam. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan beberapa aspek siyasah al-qadi dalam perbahasan fiqh seperti etika hakim, infrastruktur mahkamah, kebajikan hakim dan prosiding perbicaraan serta membandingkannya dengan amalan yang berlaku dalam pentadbiran kehakiman di Mahkamah Syariah masa kini. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah berbentuk kepustakaan iaitu bersumberkan buku ilmiah, fakta-fakta dan dokumen berautoriti seperti Arahan Amalan Mahkamah Syariah. Kajian ini mendapati kebanyakan prinsip siyasah al-qadi yang dibahaskan dalam kitab-kitab fiqh telah pun diamalkan di Mahkamah Syariah, namun terdapat beberapa perkara yang tidak dilaksanakan kerana ianya sudah tidak praktikal untuk diamalkan dengan realiti dan keperluan semasa. Kajian ini diharapkan menjadi panduan kepada para hakim dan pihak pengurusan tertinggi mahkamah dalam penambahbaikan polisi dan perekayasaan amalan pentadbiran dan prosiding kehakiman Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia.

Siyasah al-qadi in the genre of classical fiqh is discussed under the adab al-qadi debate. In carrying out the administration of the court, the judge or judicial institution has a role to take any action in the form of ma?la?ah based on siyasah shar’iyyah to ensure that justice can be truly upheld. Prior to the Syariah Court Practice Directions, judges in conducting judicial proceedings only referred to the ad?b al-q??? outlined in the books of fiqh to create non-uniform policies and practices. This article aims to discuss selected aspects of siyasah al-qadi in the debate of fiqh shcolars such as the ethics of judges, court infrastructure, welfare of judges and trial proceedings as well as to compare it with the current practice in judicial proceedings of the Syariah Court nowadays. The methodology used is in the form of a library research which sourced from shcolarly books, facts and authoritative documents such as the Syariah Court Practice Directions. It is found that most of the siyasah al-qadi principles discussed in the books of fiqh have been practised in the Syariah Court, however there are few things that are not being executed as it is no longer practical to be practised in realities and current needs. This study may serve as a guideline for judges and court highest management for enhancement of policy and administrative practices, and judicial proceedings of the Syariah Courts in Malaysia.