Kedudukan Wasiat Sebagai Satu Hak Harta Peninggalan menurut al-Quran [The Position of a Will as The Islamic Rights of Inheritance according to The Qur'an]

Authors

  • Mohd Ali Mohd Yusuf Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
  • Basri Ibrahim Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

Keywords:

Wasiat, pusaka, harta peninggalan, surah al-Nisa’ dan al-Quran. will, estate, the rights of inheritance, surah al-Nisa 'and al-Quran

Abstract

al-Quran telah menetapkan kadar-kadar harta pusaka kepada waris dengan jelas di dalam surah al-Nisa’. Manakala wasiat pula disebut seiring dengan ayat-ayat berkaitan harta pusaka. Ia menunjukkan hubungan yang relevan di antara wasiat dengan harta pusaka dalam mengurus harta si mati. Kajian bertujuan meneliti kedudukan wasiat sebagai satu hak daripada hak-hak harta peninggalan si mati, hubungannya dengan harta pusaka dan keutamaan pelaksanaannya menurut surah al-Nisa. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang dilaksanakan melalui metode dokumentasi dengan meneliti dan menghurai ayat-ayat pusaka di dalam surah al-Nisa’. Kaedah analisis induktif, deduktif dan historikal digunakan untuk menganalisis pensyariatan wasiat di dalam al-Quran, kedudukan dan hubungannya dengan harta pusaka. Hasil kajian merumuskan wasiat adalah satu mekanisme penting yang membenarkan si mati menggunakan sebahagian harta peninggalannya selepas kematian. Kedudukan hak wasiat adalah sama dengan hak harta pusaka sebagai satu hak-hak harta peninggalan, namun dari sudut perlaksanaan hak wasiat didahulukan berbanding pembahagian pusaka. Konsep wasiat ini perlu didedahkan kepada masyarakat Islam agar kedudukan dan peranannya dapat difahami dengan lebih mendalam terutama ketika menguruskan pembahagian pusaka. Ia turut dapat membantu masyarakat Islam menilai keperluan menggunakan produk wasiat yang ada di pasaran sebagai alternatif untuk membantu menguruskan harta selepas kematian.

The Qur’an has allocated the proportion of inheritance for heirs clearly in surah al-Nisa.  The will has been mentioned in line with the verses related to inheritance. It shows the relevance between the will and the Islamic  inheritance in managing the estate of the deceased. This study's aims are to examine the position of the will as one of the Islamic rights of inheritance of the deceased’s estate, its relationship to the estate and the priority of its implementation according to surah al-Nisa. This study is a qualitative study conducted through the method of documentation by examining the verses of inheritance in surah al-Nisa '. Meanwhile the inductive, deductive and historical methods of analysis are used to analyze the provision of wills in the Qur'an, its position and relationship with inheritance. The results of this study conclude that the will is an important mechanism that allows the deceased to use part of his estate after death. The position of the will and inheritance is the same in the Islamic rights of inheritance, but from the point of view of the implementation, the will takes precedence over the division of inheritance. The concept of the will needs to be conveyed to the Muslim community so that its position and role can be understood in depth, especially when managing the division of inheritance. It can also help the Muslim community in assessing the need to use will products available in the market as an alternative to help managing property after death.

Published

2021-11-10