BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080)

Warisan Persembahan Hadrah di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia: di Sebalik Pengekalan Tradisi dan Perubahan [The Legacy of Hadrah Performance in Northern Peninsular Malaysia: Preservation of Tradition and Change]

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Hadrah merupakan salah satu persembahan yang terkenal di Utara Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu di negeri Perlis, Kedah sehingga ke Selatan negeri Perak. Hadrah boleh digolongkan dalam kategori persembahan rakyat atau folk performances. Tradisi persembahan ini diperturunkan daripada satu generasi kepada satu generasi secara lisan dan tanpa sebarang kaedah formal. Oleh demikian, makalah ini akan mengkaji empat kumpulan Hadrah iaitu Kumpulan Hadrah Setia Jaya, Kumpulan Hadrah Sungai Setar, Kumpulan Hadrah Seri Pauh dan Kumpulan Hadrah Sri Mawar. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah lapangan dan wawancara di beberapa kampung di Perlis dan juga di Selama, Perak. Objektif utama mengkaji persembahan ini adalah untuk mendokumentasikan keunikan-keunikan yang terdapat dalam persembahan tersebut dan yang keduanya adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana kumpulan Hadrah yang ada sekarang masih memegang erat tradisi persembahan ini seperti zaman-zaman kegemilangannya sebelum ini. Salah satu elemen penting yang ingin dibahaskan dalam makalah ini ialah tentang lagu-lagu yang dipersembahkan dalam Hadrah. Berbeza dengan persembahan-persembahan rakyat yang lain, lagu-lagu asal hadrah ini agak pelik dan aneh bahasanya. Malah hampir keseluruhan maksudnya tidak difahami. Walau bagaimanapun, sehingga hari ini lagu-lagu ini masih dimainkan walaupun terdapat usaha kumpulan-kumpulan tersebut mengubahsuainya dan mencipta lagu-lagu baru yang bertemakan kehidupan masyarakat semasa. Oleh itu sangat penting untuk mengkaji secara mendalam mengapa lagu-lagu asal itu masih dikekalkan dan pada masa yang sama mengapa pula terdapat usaha-usaha untuk mencipta lagu baru? Adakah ini merupakan petanda awal bahawa tradisi asal Hadrah itu mula mengalami perubahan dalam jangka masa yang panjang? Penelitian ini akan berpandukan kepada beberapa ciri dan prinsip yang digariskan oleh Mohd Taib Osman (1975 dan 1984) dan beberapa sarjana lain berkaitan tradisi lisan. Kajian ini signifikan kerana Hadrah merupakan suatu bentuk tradisi lisan yang berkemungkinan berhadapan risiko kepupusan. Oleh itu sebarang usaha pengkajian dan pendokumentasian adalah penting untuk memastikannya kekal lestari.

Hadrah is one of the famous performances in the North of Peninsular Malaysia, which is in the state of Perlis, Kedah to the South of the state of Perak. Hadrah can be classified in the category of folk performances. The tradition of this performance is handed down from one generation to another orally and without any formal method. Therefore, this paper will examine four Hadrah groups, namely Kumpulan Hadrah Setia Jaya, Kumpulan Hadrah Sungai Setar, Kumpulan Hadrah Seri Pauh and Kumpulan Hadrah Sri Mawar. This study uses field methods and interviews in several villages in Perlis and in Selama, Perak. The main objective of studying this performance is to document the uniqueness found in the performance and the second is to see the extent to which the current Hadrah group still holds tightly to the tradition of this performance as in its previous glory days. One of the important elements to be discussed in this paper is about the songs performed in Hadrah. It is different from other folk performances, these original Hadrah songs and language are quite strange. In fact, almost the whole meaning is not understood. However, until today these songs are still played despite the efforts of the groups to modify them and create new songs with the theme of current community life. Therefore, it is very important to study deeply why the original songs are still maintained and at the same time why there are efforts to create a new song? Is this an early sign that Hadrah original tradition began to undergo changes over a long period of time? This research will be guided by some characteristics and principles outlined by Mohd Taib Osman (1975 and 1984) and some other scholars related to oral tradition. This study is significant because Hadrah is a form of oral tradition that is likely to face the risk of extinction. Therefore, any research and documentation efforts are important to ensure it remains sustainable.

Konsep Doa sebagai Satu Bentuk Kaedah Psikoterapi Islam dalam Mengawal Emosi Watak Menerusi Hikayat Ahmad Muhammad, Hikayat Inderaputera dan Hikayat Caya Langkara

Nadiatul Shakinah Abdul Rahman, Mohamad Luthfi Abdul Rahman — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Gangguan emosi berlaku ketika manusia berhadapan dengan sebarang masalah dan konflik. Keadaan ini akan menjadi lebih rumit dan berlarutan sekiranya individu terbabit gagal dalam mengawal gangguan emosi yang dialami dengan sebaiknya. Gangguan emosi tidak hanya berlaku kepada manusia di alam realiti semata-mata. Hal ini kerana situasi tersebut turut digambarkan dalam karya-karya sastera khususnya karya sastera tradisional berbentuk prosa. Pengarang merupakan figura penting dalam melukiskan dan mencorakkan watak-watak yang memiliki emosi. Gambaran watak beremosi turut menampilkan bagaimana watak-watak dalam karya sastera mengalami gangguan emosi apabila berhadapan dengan sesuatu masalah dan konflik. Sehubungan itu, dalam konteks perbincangan makalah ini, satu bentuk kaedah yang berupaya mengawal emosi watak adalah dengan berdoa. Dalam hal ini, agama Islam telah meletakkan satu garis panduan yang perlu dipatuhi dan diikuti ketika manusia berhadapan dengan sesuatu masalah dan konflik iaitu dengan berdoa. Konsep berdoa sebagai satu bentuk kawalan emosi ini bertepatan sebagai satu usaha dan penyerahan manusia kepada pencipta-Nya. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini akan membincangkan faktor yang mendorong kepada gangguan emosi dan bagaimana kaedah berbentuk doa dapat membantu dalam mengawal emosi watak. Makalah ini menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis data kajian terhadap teks kesusasteraan tradisional. Teks karya sastera terpilih dalam perbincangan ini ialah Hikayat Inderaputera, Hikayat Ahmad Muhammad dan Hikayat Caya Langkara. Berdasarkan hasil perbincangan makalah ini telah membuktikan bahawa kaedah berdoa merupakan satu bentuk kaedah yang berkesan dan berupaya dalam mengawal emosi watak. Lantaran itu, menerusi perbincangan makalah ini juga dapat mendidik dan memupuk umat Islam menggunakan kaedah Islam seperti berdoa apabila berhadapan dengan gangguan emosi, masalah dan konflik dalam kehidupan. Justeru, menerusi hasil perbincangan makalah ini turut dapat membantu individu untuk menjalani kehidupan yang lebih baik dan bersikap positif.

Emotional disturbances occur when people are faced with any problems and conflicts. This situation will become more complicated and protracted if the individual involved fails to control the emotional disturbance experienced as well as possible. Emotional disturbances do not only happen to humans in the real world. This is because the situation is also described in literary works, especially traditional literary works in the form of prose. The author is an important figure in drawing and modeling characters who have emotions. The portrayal of emotional characters also shows how characters in literary works experience emotional disturbances when faced with a problem and conflict. Accordingly, in the context of the discussion of this paper, a form of method that can control the character's emotions is by praying. In this regard, Islam has laid down a guideline that needs to be obeyed and followed when people are faced with a problem and conflict, namely by praying. The concept of praying as a form of emotional control coincides with human effort and submission to His creator. Therefore, this paper will discuss the factors that lead to emotional disturbances and how the method of prayer can help in controlling the character's emotions. This paper uses bibliographic methods and data analysis to study traditional literary texts. The selected literary texts in this discussion are Hikayat Inderaputera, Hikayat Ahmad Muhammad and Hikayat Caya Langkara. Based on the results of this paper's discussion, it has been proven that the prayer method is an effective and capable method in controlling the character's emotions. Therefore, through the discussion of this paper can also educate and nurture Muslims using Islamic methods such as praying when faced with emotional disturbances, problems and conflicts in life. Therefore, through the discussion of this paper can also help individuals to live a better life and be positive.

Analisis Kepelbagaian Sighat ‘Amr bagi Konteks Hutang dalam Surah Al-Baqarah [Analysis of The Diversity of Sighat Amr for The Context of Debt in Surah al-Baqarah]

Syakirah Rifa’in @ Mohd Rifain , Mat Taib Pa — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Kajian ini membincangkan mengenai gaya bahasa amr berkaitan hutang dalam surah al-Baqarah. Kajian ini mempunyai dua objektif utama iaitu yang pertama untuk mengenal pasti bentuk dan tujuan amr dan yang kedua untuk merumuskan mesej tersirat kepelbagaian bentuk amr bagi konteks hutang dalam surah al-Baqarah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis teks berdasarkan konteks ayat dengan menggunakan tafsir-tafsir yang berkaitan oleh ulama silam dan moden. Bagi objektif pertama kajian ini menggunakan Teori ‘Abbas (1997) manakala objektif kedua pula menggunakan pendapat al- Zuhayliy (1991). Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa konteks hutang mempunyai tiga bentuk amr iaitu fi‘ il amr, uslub khabariy yang memberi makna insyaiy dan lam amr. Manakala terdapat tiga tujuan amr bagi konteks ini iaitu wajib, ibahah dan sunat. Seterusnya bagi mesej tersirat kepelbagaian bentuk amr kajian ini merumuskan bahawa fi‘il amr digunakan sebagai arahan yang sangat tegas dan kuat yang menunjukkan kesungguhan untuk menjelaskan perkara-perkara asas dan uslub khabariy yang memberi makna insyaiy pula bersifat kelembutan kerana ia melibatkan perkara yang sukar. Lam amr pula merupakan pengukuhan terhadap perkara-perkara perincian. Secara kesimpulannya, kepelbagaian sighat amr yang digunakan mengikut konteks dan situasi tertentu mempunyai keunikan dan mesej tersirat. Ini merupakan satu dapatan baru yang belum dihasilkan oleh mana-mana pengkaji sebelum ini dan kajian ini boleh dilanjutkan lagi dalam surah lain selain al-Baqarah.

This study discusses the language style of amr related to debt in surah al-Baqarah. This study has two main objectives, the first is to identify the form and purpose of amr and the second is to conclude the hidden meaning of diversity of amr forms of debt in surah al-Baqarah. This study is a qualitative study that is analysed using text analysis techniques based on the context of the verse by using related interpretations by past and modern scholars. For the first objective of this study, the theory of 'Abbas (1997) has been applied in this study, while the second objective is using the opinion of al-Zuhayliy (1991). The findings of the study found that the context of debt has three forms of amr, namely fi' il amr, uslub khabariy which gives the meaning of insyaiy and lam amr. While there are three purposes of amr for this context, which are obligatory, ibahah and sunnah (sunat). Next, for the hidden meaning of the diversity of amr forms, this study summarizes that the fi’l amr is used as a very firm and strong command that shows seriousness to explain basic matters and uslub khabariy which gives the meaning of insyaiy is gentle because it involves difficult matters. Lam amr is a reinforcement of details. In conclusion, the variety of sighat amr used according to specific contexts and situations has its uniqueness and implicit message. This is a new finding that has not been produced by any researcher before and this study can be continued in other surahs besides al-Baqarah.

An Analysis of the Sinicization Process of Islam: A Case Study on the Architectural Art of Mosques

Pei-Jia Wei, Aiza Maslan @ Baharudin — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Islam was first introduced into China during the Tang Dynasty (7^th Century A.D.) and has since undergone a steady assimilation with traditional Chinese culture after the development and integration of various dynasties, hence facilitating the process of Sinicisation of Islam. Mosques, being a significant emblem of the Islamic faith, have undergone the process of Sinicisation as well. Architectural art serves as a visual representation of culture and civilization, functioning as a symbolic embodiment of a country and its people. This study focuses on the architectural characteristics of several mosques in China, including Beijing Niujie Mosque, the Great Mosque of Xi'an (also known as the Huajuexiang Mosque), and Shandong Jiningdong Mosque. A broad range of information was collected from various sources and through a field survey that was carried out in Mosques designed in the Chinese architectural style. The information gathered during field work will be examined with a focus on the unique characteristics of Chinese Islamic art and architecture. These mosques are chosen due to their adherence to the Chinese traditional architectural style. The research aims to analyze and discuss the unique architectural features exhibited by these selected mosques. Through an examination of building site selection, layout characteristics, and ornamental arts, a thorough and profound comprehension of the Sinicization process of mosques has been achieved. Simultaneously, mosques effectively fulfil their social roles, resulting in the continuous enhancement and enrichment of mosque architecture during the process of Sinicization. This progress establishes a strong groundwork for the favourable advancement of Islam in China in the forthcoming years.

Penelitian Retrospektif Terhadap Karya-karya Berkaitan Pendidikan Astronomi Bagi Golongan Orang Kurang Upaya [Retrospective Study on Works Related to Astronomy Education for Persons with Disabilities]

Iffah Mohamad Nawawi, Mohd Hafiz Safiai — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pendidikan sains astronomi dilihat semakin mendapat perhatian selari dengan perkembangan teknologi masa kini. Terdapat banyak program dan aktiviti yang dijalankan bagi menarik minat masyarakat dalam pembangunan bidang ilmu tersebut. Namun, terdapat segelintir masyarakat yang tertinggal dalam kehebatan perkembangan bidang ilmu tersebut iaitu golongan orang kelainan upaya (OKU). Golongan ini seringkali tertinggal dan kurang diberikan perhatian sedangkan mereka turut mempunyai hak yang sama seperti golongan masyarakat lain. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk membahaskan tentang peranan dan sumbangan ilmu astronomi kepada golongan OKU di Malaysia. Selain itu, kajian ini turut meneliti inisiatif yang telah diambil bagi mengurangkan jurang antara masyarakat dalam menjamin hak kesamarataan dalam aspek pendidikan kepada golongan tersebut. Kajian ini merupakan sebuah kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan pemerhatian. Hasil kajian mendapati kurangnya program dan aktiviti yang dijalankan untuk golongan OKU di Malaysia dalam aspek pendidikan sains astronomi, di samping kekurangan instrumen dan kemudahan yang sesuai bagi membolehkan golongan tersebut mendapat pendedahan berkaitan ilmu astronomi. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat membuka mata dan ruang pihak kerajaan kepada golongan OKU dalam memastikan mereka mempunyai akses dan peluang yang sama bagi penyertaan penuh dalam masyarakat terhadap program sains astronomi yang dilaksanakan.

The education of astronomy is now increasingly receiving attention in line with the current technological advancements. Numerous programs and activities are being carried out to attract public interest in the development of this field of knowledge. However, there is a segment of the population that is left behind in the brilliance of the advancements in this field, namely the persons with disabilities (PWD). This group is often neglected and given less attention, even though they have the same rights as other members of society. Therefore, this study is conducted to discuss the role and contribution of astronomy to the PWD community in Malaysia. Additionally, the study also examines initiatives that have been taken to reduce the gap among the society in ensuring equal rights in the educational aspect for this group. This study is a qualitative research employing document analysis and observation as the research approaches. The findings indicate a lack of programs and activities for the PWD community in Malaysia in the aspect of astronomy education, as well as a shortage of suitable instruments and facilities to enable this group to gain exposure to astronomy-related knowledge. This study is hoped to raise awareness and encourage the government to ensure that PWDs have equal access and opportunities for full participation in society regarding implemented astronomy programs.

Pembelajaran Berasaskan Realiti Terimbuh dalam Pendidikan Islam [Learning Based on Augmented Reality in Islamic Education]

Muhamad Faizzuddin Zainol Aman, Hafizhah Zulkifli — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Setiap guru dituntut untuk mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran agar segala input yang disampaikan memberi kesan ke atas pelajar. Kaedah pengajaran berasaskan teknologi seperti Realiti Terimbuh atau AR juga merupakan salah satu medium yang efektif dalam menyampaikan ilmu dan isi kandungan pelajaran kepada pelajar. Namun dalam konteks Pendidikan Islam teknologi ini haruslah diteliti supaya ianya disesuaikan dengan silibus dan matlamat Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) seperti mana yang digariskan di dalam Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Prestasi (DSKP). Kewujudan teknologi AR ini serba sedikit memberi pengaruh ke atas pembelajaran subjek-subjek Pendidikan Islam daripada aspek daya tarik dan motivasi pelajar. Namun masih terdapat sebilangan guru yang menganggap penggunaan teknologi dalam Pendidikan Islam sesuatu yang tidak relevan di samping kelemahan guru itu sendiri dalam menguasai teknologi pendidikan. Tujuan kertas konsep ini dihasilkan bagi meneliti senarai aplikasi AR dalam Pendidikan Islam serta pengaruhnya ke atas pembelajaran murid semasa sesi PdPc. Pengkaji menggunakan kajian lepas sebagai rujukan dalam meneliti objektif dan metodologi yang digunakan untuk membina aplikasi AR. Kajian ini memberi implikasi yang besar kepada guru dan pelajar dalam mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran agar ianya sesuai dengan gaya pendidikan moden kini.

Every teacher is required to diversify teaching methods so that all the input provided has an impact on students. Technology-based teaching methods such as Augmented Reality (AR) are also one of the effective mediums in delivering knowledge and lesson content to students. However, in the context of Islamic Education, this technology should be researched to ensure it is aligned with the curriculum and goals of the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) as outlined in the Curriculum and Performance Standard Document (DSKP). The existence of AR technology slightly influences the learning of Islamic Education subjects in terms of attractiveness and student motivation. However, there are still some teachers who consider the use of technology in Islamic Education irrelevant, alongside the weaknesses of teachers themselves in mastering educational technology. The purpose of this concept paper is to examine the list of AR applications in Islamic Education and their influence on student learning during teaching and learning sessions. Researchers use past studies as references to examine the objectives and methodologies used to develop AR applications. This study has significant implications for teachers and students in diversifying teaching methods to align with modern educational styles.

The Study of Dong Zhongshu’s Concept of Benevolence and Righteousness Focuses on “Zhengming”

Chunmin Dai, Suhaila Abdullah — Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Benevolence and righteousness are important propositions of Chinese philosophy. Dong Zhongshu has made great achievements in collecting benevolence and righteousness thought of pre-Qin Confucianism. Dong Zhongshu inherited and developed Confucius’ and pre-Qin’s ideas of zhengming (??meaning rectifying names or the rectification of name), The relationship between ming (?meaning ‘name’) and “reality” is used to expound his principle of benevolence and righteousness. Dong Zhongshu attaches significant importance to zhengming, elevating the importance of the “ming” to the first key to the governance of the country. The sound, meaning and form of minghao are consistent, and it is the expression of providence, so minghao must be true. Generic name (??) is the general name of things, and Second-level name is the name of all things, and generic name is simple and few, and Second-level name is numerous. Minghao goes straight to providence to distinguish all things. Dong Zhongshu analyzes the pronunciation, form and meaning of ren (?benevolence) and Yi (?righteousness) from the angle of name rectification and explores their internal consistency. Benevolence is how to treat others, love others, not love yourself; Righteousness is to be strict with self, to correct self, not to correct others (??????????. Dong Zhongshu further regarded ren as “generic name”, incorporated into the existence and operation of heaven, and “released ren with heaven”. Heaven produces all things, there is benevolence. During moral practice, Dong Zhongshu used the idea of “zhengming” to determine the connotation and principle of benevolence and righteousness, clarified the ethical and moral norms, and guided people to better practice benevolence and righteousness.

Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Amalan (KAP) mengenai Fardu Ain di kalangan Murid Sekolah Menengah Negeri Perlis [Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Regarding Fardu Ain Among Secondary School Students in Perlis State]

Sat, 16 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan fardu ‘ain dalam kalangan pelajar di sekolah menengah sekitar di negeri Perlis. Kajian ini dilakukan rentetan daripada kajian-kajian lepas mengesahkan bahawa faktor lemah pegangan agama adalah punca utama penglibatan remaja Islam dalam masalah sosial. Rekod statistik juvana dalam kalangan remaja semakin meningkat saban tahun, sedangkan remaja adalah generasi pelapis dan modal insan negara. Kajian ini telah dijalankan terhadap para pelajar tingkatan lima di sekolah menengah sekitar di negeri Perlis. Sebanyak enam kategori pendidikan menengah menjadi populasi kajian melibatkan 347 pelajar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics versi22. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap amalan pelajar sekolah menengah tingkatan lima mengenai fardu ‘ain berada pada tahap tinggi dengan min sebanyak 3.89. Demikian juga pengetahuan responden terhadap fardu ‘ain berada pada tahap tinggi dengan nilai min 3.94. Manakala sikap responden terhadap fardu ‘ain berada pada tahap rendah dengan min 2.57. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa ujian Kolerasi Pearson secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahawa tahap amalan pelajar berkaitan fardu ‘ain mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan (r = .74, p <.01) dengan tahap pengetahuan pelajar. Ujian Kolerasi Pearson secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahawa tahap sikap pelajar berkaitan fardu ‘ain tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan (r = .308, p > .01) (r = .258, p >.01) terhadap tahap amalan dan pengetahuan pelajar. Implikasi kajian ini mendapati bahawa sikap negatif di kalangan pelajar boleh menatijahkan tingkah laku negatif hingga boleh membawa kepada masalah sosial yang meruncing.

This study aims to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fardu 'ain among students in secondary schools around Perlis. This study was carried out in a series of previous studies confirming that the weak factor of religious belief is the main cause of the involvement of Muslim youth in social problems. Juvenile statistics records among teenagers are increasing yearly, while teenagers are the next generation and the country's human capital. This study was conducted on fifth-grade students in secondary schools around Perlis. A total of six categories of secondary education became the study population, involving 347 students. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics software version 22. Findings show that the level of practice of form five secondary school students regarding fadhu 'ain is at a high level with a mean of 3.89. Similarly, the respondents' knowledge of fardu 'ain is at a high level with a mean value of 3.94. Meanwhile, the respondents' attitude towards fardu 'ain is low, with a mean of 2.57. The findings show that the Pearson Correlation test shows that the level of student practice related to fardu 'ain has a significant relationship (r = .74, p < .01) with the level of student knowledge. Pearson's Correlation Test as a whole show that the level of students' attitudes related to fardu 'ain does not have a significant relationship (r = .308, p > .01) (r = .258, p > .01) to the level of students' practice and knowledge. This study implies that a negative attitude leads to negative behaviour that can escalate social problems.

Negeri Melayu Pahang Tidak Dijajah: Satu Analisis Dokumen Perundangan Sehingga Triti 1948 [The Malay State of Pahang Was Not Colonized: An Analysis of Legal Documents Until The Treaty of 1948]

Wan Ahmad Fauzi Wan Husain, Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal, Mohamed Anwar Omardin — Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pahang secara berasingan menandatangani triti untuk membentuk kerajaan sementara di Tanah Melayu pada tahun 1948. Sejarah Tanah Melayu seperti dipersembahkan dalam sistem pendidikan negara tidak mencerminkan fakta mengenai kedudukan Negeri Melayu termasuk Pahang yang diperintah oleh Sultan yang berdaulat. Pandangan popular itu mendakwa bahawa terdapat dua tempoh masa Negeri Melayu dijajah oleh British; pertama, selepas Perjanjian Pangkor 1874, dan kedua, apabila Malayan Union diperkenalkan pada 1 April 1946. Untuk tempoh yang panjang, negeri yang dijajah dikumpulkan secara sewenang-wenangnya tanpa merujuk kepada peruntukan undang-undang dan dokumen khusus negeri tersebut. Artikel ini menyiasat kedudukan Negeri Melayu Pahang dari tarikh triti pertamanya dengan British sehingga Triti 1948. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif menggunakan metodologi sejarah undang-undang dan analisis kandungan berdasarkan sumber primer dengan menggunakan Kerangka Negeri Dijajah. Bukti berdasarkan aspek undang-undang adalah yang paling berwibawa untuk menjawab isu sama ada Negeri Melayu Pahang telah dijajah oleh British. Dapatan kajian mengesahkan bahawa kedaulatan Negeri Melayu Pahang terletak pada pemerintahannya mengikut adat Melayu. Triti Pahang 1948 memelihara kedaulatan rajanya dan memperkenalkan satu bentuk perlembagaan moden sekaligus menjadi asas kepada pembentukan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu pada tahun 1957, yang kemudiannya Malaysia.

Pahang severally and jointly signed a treaty to form an interim government in Malaya in 1948. The history of Malaya, as presented in the country's education system, does not reflect the facts about the position of the Malay State vis. a vis. Pahang, which is ruled by the sovereign Sultan. The popular view claims that there were two periods of time when the Malay States were colonized by the British; first, after the Pangkor Treaty of 1874, and second, when the Malayan Union was introduced on 1 April 1946. For a long period, colonized states were aggregated arbitrarily without relying on legal provisions and documents of the particular states in question. This article investigates the position of the Malay State of Pahang from the date of its first treaty with the British until the Treaty of 1948. This study is qualitative using legal history methodology and content analysis based on premier sources by applying the Colonized State Framework Test. The evidence based on the legal aspect is the most authoritative to answer the issue of whether the Malay State of Pahang was colonized by the British. The findings affirm that the sovereignty of the Malay State of Pahang resides in its ruler according to Malay custom. Pahang Treaty of 1948 preserved the sovereignty of its ruler and introduced a modern form of constitution, hence becoming the foundation for the formation of the Federation of Malaya in 1957, which later Malaysia.

Halal Foodstuff Innovation: A Review from The Perspective of Maqasid al- Daruriyyah

Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Innovations in the food industry have a large impact on the citizens in Malaysia. Towards Wawasan 2020, Malaysia has celebrated progress from a technological aspect and innovations from various sectors. Malaysia is also in the process of becoming among the primary global halal hubs. Hence, various forms of support have been given by government and private sectors to ensure that the innovations and empowerment of the halal industry continue to expand in Malaysia. Some issues arise when the food innovations are done using constituents from questionable sources as well as contamination of enzyme cells and genetics from various sources. Although the final food innovation creates foods that seems halal, this matter requires extensive research to ensure the welfare of Islam's ummah. The objective of this study is to examine the level of foodstuff innovation as well as its perspective from the aspect of Maqasid al-daruriyyah. To conduct this study, analysis has been done towards issues related to halal and the concept of daruriyyah in food production. In-depth semi-structured interviews were also performed on several bodies involved in the halal industry, namely JAKIM, Mardhiyyah Hotel and Suits, MARDI, and UPM. The result of this study finds that foodstuff innovation in Malaysia must utilise the Maqasid al-daruriyyah application to ensure the innovations made are aligned with the concepts of halal and toyyib (universal values) which are pillars of Al-Quran and Sunnah.