Kecenderungan Strategi Domestikasi dan Foreignisasi dalam Terjemahan Unsur Budaya Makanan: Analisis Novel Bainal Qasrain (Arab–Melayu) [Tendencies of Domestication and Foreignisation Strategies in The Translation of Food Cultural Elements: An Analysis of The Novel Bainal Qasrain (Arabic–Malay)]

Abstract

Terjemahan merupakan aktiviti memindahkan makna kata budaya ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Pemindahan makna perkataan tersebut adalah penting bersandarkan kepada teks sumber. Oleh itu seseorang penterjemah perlu mempunyai pengetahuan dalam pelbagai aspek termasuklah prosedur dan strategi terjemahan bagi menterjemah makna kata budaya dari pelbagai kategori yang terkandung dalam sesebuah teks dengan baik dan berkesan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti prosedur dan strategi terjemahan bagi kata budaya makanan (kategori budaya material) dalam novel Bainal Qasrain (Arab-Melayu). Bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini, prosedur terjemahan Newmark (1988) dan strategi terjemahan Venuti (1995) dipilih. Kajian ini berpandukan kepada pendekatan kualitatif dengan berfokus kepada analisis kandungan kualitatif Elo dan Kyngas (2008). Melalui pendekatan ini, sebanyak sepuluh kata budaya makanan yang merupakan data kajian dianalisis bagi menjelaskan makna, mengenal pasti prosedur dan kecenderungan strategi terjemahan yang berkenaan. Kajian mendapati penterjemah menggunakan beberapa prosedur untuk menterjemahkan makna perkataan berunsur budaya makanan ke dalam bahasa sasaran iaitu naturalisasi, pemindahan, nota kaki, dan padanan budaya . Dapatan juga menunjukkan terdapat kata budaya makanan dalam teks sumber yang sukar diterjemahkan dan perkataan tersebut digunakan semula dalam teks sasaran. Tatacara terjemahan seperti ini cenderung ke arah strategi foreignisasi. Namun begitu kajian ini menunjukkan terjemahan kata budaya makanan mempunyai kecenderungan yang seimbang iaitu masing-masing 50 peratus ke arah foreignisasi dan domestikasi. Implikasi dapatan ini menunjukkan penterjemah dan pembaca perlu menghormati serta memelihara nilai kata budaya dan bahasa teks sumber. Selain itu, pemilihan prosedur terjemahan yang tepat dapat membantu pembaca memahami teks terjemahan dengan lebih jelas dan berkesan. Namun, kedua-dua strategi terjemahan iaitu foreignisasi dan domestikasi dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pembaca bagi meluaskan ilmu pengetahuan dan mengenali budaya.

Translation is an activity that involves transferring the meaning of cultural terms into the target language. The transfer of meaning for such words is crucial and must be based on the source text. Therefore, a translator needs to possess knowledge in various aspects, including translation procedures and strategies, in order to effectively and accurately translate the meanings of cultural terms from different categories contained within a text. This study aims to identify the translation procedures and strategies for food-related cultural terms (under the category of material culture) in the novel Bainal Qasrain (Arabic–Malay). To achieve this objective, Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures and Venuti’s (1995) translation strategies were selected. This study adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on Elo and Kyngas’ (2008) qualitative content analysis. Through this approach, ten food-related cultural terms, which serve as the data for this study, were analysed to explain their meanings and to identify the relevant translation procedures and strategic tendencies. The study found that the translator employed several procedures to translate the meanings of food-related cultural items into the target language, namely naturalization, transference, footnotes, and cultural equivalents. The findings also indicate that certain food-related cultural terms in the source text were difficult to translate, resulting in the original words being retained in the target text. Such a translation method tends to lean towards a foreignization strategy. However, the study shows that the translation of food-related cultural terms demonstrates a balanced tendency, with 50 percent leaning towards foreignization and 50 percent towards domestication. The implications of these findings highlight the need for translators and readers to respect and preserve the cultural and linguistic values of the source text. Additionally, the appropriate selection of translation procedures can help readers understand the translated text more clearly and effectively. Nonetheless, both foreignization and domestication strategies offer benefits to readers by broadening their knowledge and helping them appreciate different cultures.