BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) http://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal <p align="justify">Founded in 2018, <em><strong>BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences</strong></em> (e-ISSN 2600-9080) is a refereed international journal of civilizational studies and human sciences; published quarterly, and can be said to be the newest academic journal dealing with the theme in Malaysia.</p> <p> </p> <p align="justify">The international perspective is also reflected by the journal’s trilingual approach; it is published in <strong>Malay, English and Arabic languages</strong>. The published articles as well as comments, research reports, book reviews, conference papers and others are on civilizational studies as well as other fields written from human sciences perspectives. In order to encourage academic brainstorming, we are soliciting your contributions throughout the year.</p> <p> </p> <p align="justify">All submitted articles should report original, previously unpublished research results, experimental or theoretical, and will be peer-reviewed. Articles submitted to the journal should meet these criteria and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts should follow the style of the journal and are subject to both review and editing.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Open Access Policy</strong></p> <p>This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.</p> <p><strong>Publication Frequency</strong></p> <p>Quarterly (January-March, April-June, July-September, October-December)</p> NUN Gemilang Enterprise en-US BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) 2600-9080 Sorotan Literatur Cabaran dan Strategi Memperkasakan Kemahiran Menulis Bahasa Arab dalam Kalangan Pelajar Bukan Penutur Jati [A Literature Review Challenges and Strategies to Enhance Arabic Writing Skills Among Non-Native Students] http://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/629 <p>Bahasa Arab merupakan salah satu bahasa kedua yang dipelajari dalam kalangan pelajar bukan penutur jati di Malaysia. Kemahiran menulis dalam bahasa Arab merupakan salah satu kemahiran asas yang perlu dikuasai oleh pelajar khususnya mereka yang memilih bidang pengajian Islam di peringkat institusi pengajian tinggi. Penguasaan kemahiran ini memerlukan kecekapan berbahasa dalam pelbagai aspek seperti kosa kata, tatabahasa, kemampuan membina ayat, mengolah maklumat dengan tepat dan sebagainya. Kajian ini membincangkan cabaran dan strategi dalam memperkasakan kemahiran menulis bahasa Arab di peringkat institusi pengajian tinggi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen terhadap 13 artikel kajian terdahulu berkaitan kemahiran menulis bahasa Arab yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2021 hingga 2023. Kesemua artikel yang dikumpulkan diperolehi dari pangkalan data <em>Google Scholar</em>. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar sering menghadapi cabaran utama dalam aspek linguistik, kaedah pengajaran serta faktor psikologi dan motivasi. Cabaran linguistik merangkumi kekurangan kosa kata, kesulitan memahami dan mempraktikkan tatabahasa dan kelemahan membina struktur ayat yang gramatis. Manakala dari sudut kaedah pengajaran, pendekatan tradisional yang kurang interaktif didapati tidak dapat menarik minat pelajar sekaligus gagal memenuhi keperluan pembelajaran yang lebih terkini bertepatan dengan tuntutan pembelajaran abad ke-21. Di samping itu, isu psikologi seperti kurang keyakinan diri dan motivasi turut menghalang pelajar untuk menguasai kemahiran menulis dengan baik. Kajian-kajian tersebut turut mengenal pasti beberapa strategi berkesan. Antaranya ialah penggunaan pedagogi interaktif yang menggalakkan penglibatan aktif pelajar, pembangunan modul pengajaran yang lebih sistematik dan efektif serta pendekatan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar yang menekankan pembelajaran kolaboratif. Selain itu, penggunaan teknologi digital seperti aplikasi pembelajaran bahasa dan alat interaktif turut dikenal pasti sebagai kaedah yang berkesan untuk meningkatkan minat serta memperkasa pemahaman pelajar dalam kemahiran menulis bahasa Arab. Bagi mengatasi cabaran ini, kajian turut mengenal pasti beberapa strategi berkesan seperti penggunaan pedagogi interaktif, pembangunan modul pengajaran yang sistematik, dan pendekatan berpusatkan pelajar yang memfokuskan kepada pembelajaran kolaboratif serta integrasi teknologi digital. Berdasarkan dapatan ini, kajian mencadangkan kajian lanjutan ke arah pendekatan holistik yang menggabungkan aspek linguistik, pedagogi, psikologi, dan teknologi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Arab dalam kalangan pelajar bukan penutur jati dapat diperluas secara menyeluruh dan berterusan untuk generasi akan datang.</p> <p>Arabic language is one of the second languages learned by non-native students in Malaysia. Arabic writing skills are among the basic language skills that learners are supposed to master, particularly those pursuing Islamic studies at higher education institutions. Proficiency in this skill requires competence in various linguistic aspects, including vocabulary, grammar, sentence construction, and the ability to process and present information accurately. The objectives of this study are to discuss the challenges and strategies in enhancing Arabic writing skills at higher education. To achieved the objectives, a qualitative approached was employed through document analysis of 13 previous research articles related to Arabic writing skills published within recent last three years from 2021 to 2023. These articles were obtained from Google Scholar database. The results revealed that students frequently encounter challenges in various aspects such as linguistic, teaching methodology, and psychological and motivational factors. Linguistic difficulties include limited vocabulary, challenges in understanding and applying grammar and difficulties in forming grammatically accurate sentences. On the other hand, pedagogical perspective using traditional teaching methods which tend to be less interactive fail to engage students effectively and do not address the evolving needs of 21st-century learning. Moreover, psychological challenges, such as low self-confidence and lack of motivation, prevent students from achieving proficiency in Arabic writing. The study also highlights some effective strategies to overcome these challenges. These strategies include an interactive teaching methods that encourage active student participation, designing structured and efficient teaching modules, and adopting student-centered approaches that emphasize collaborative learning. Additionally, incorporating digital technologies, such as language learning applications and interactive tools, is recognized as an effective approach to enhance students' interest and understanding in Arabic writing. Based on these findings, the study suggests further research towards a holistic approach that combines linguistic, pedagogical, psychological, and technological aspects in teaching and learning Arabic for the future generation.</p> Noor Anida Awang Nooraihan Ali Normila Noruddin @ Che Ahmad Copyright (c) 2025 BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) 2025-01-15 2025-01-15 8 1 1 11 Penglibatan Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) Terhadap Isu Turkestan Timur [The Involvement of The Malaysian Islamic Youth (ABIM) on The East Turkestan Issue] http://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/630 <p>Sejak penindasan kemanusiaan melibatkan agama, budaya, ekonomi dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang berlaku ke atas Muslim Uyghur, maka hadirnya pelbagai jenis pertubuhan bukan kerajaan atau organisasi bukan kerajaan (NGO) termasuk Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM), menjalankan aktiviti bantuan kemanusiaan. NGO memainkan peranan yang signifikan di peringkat global, bertindak sebagai kuasa moral yang berusaha untuk meningkatkan kualiti kehidupan manusia secara holistik termasuk di Turkestan Timur. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti bentuk-bentuk penglibatan dan sumbangan ABIM dalam usaha menyelesaikan isu kemanusiaan dihadapi Muslim Uyghur. Isu berlaku di Turkestan Timur sedang hangat berlaku, namun jarang mendapat perhatian umum berbanding dengan isu Rohingya, Palestin, Syria dan sebagainya. Buktinya, apabila menggunakan carian melalui pangkalan data pencarian berkenaan Rohingya dan Palestin menemukan hasil lebih tiga kali ganda bilangan berbanding pencarian berkenaan Muslim Uyghur. Ini jelas menunjukkan, kekurangan dapatan data yang mendalam tentang isu Muslim Uyghur turut mencerminkan kurangnya kepekaan dan pendedahan secara meluas masyarakat dunia tentang situasi kemanusiaan yang dihadapi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, melibatkan kaedah temu bual secara mendalam bersama seorang pegawai tertinggi ABIM dan penyelidikan daripada sumber primer dan sumber sekunder ABIM seperti surat rasmi, laporan tahunan, bahan ilmiah, buku dan sebagainya. Hasil kajian telah berjaya mengenal pasti terdapat pelbagai bentuk usaha bantuan kemanusiaan diperjuangkan oleh ABIM bagi membantu Muslim Uyghur membangun kembali kehidupan mereka yang melibatkan pendidikan , sosial dan keselamatan, dengan penghasilan pelbagai buku menerangkan tentang Turkestan Timur kepada umum. Penglibatan aktif ABIM melalui aktiviti yang dijalankan telah meningkatkan kesedaran kepada seluruh diaspora mengenai isu kemanusiaan yang dihadapi Muslim Uyghur di wilayah mereka adalah isu sejagat seperti mana isu Palestin.</p> <p>Since the oppression of humanity involving religion, culture, economy, and human rights violations that have occurred to Uyghur Muslims, the presence of various types of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including the Malaysian Islamic Youth Force (ABIM), has led to the implementation of humanitarian aid activities. NGOs play a significant role globally, acting as a moral force that strives to improve the quality of human life holistically, including in East Turkestan. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of ABIM's involvement and contributions in efforts to resolve humanitarian issues faced by Uyghur Muslims. The problems occurring in East Turkestan are currently hotly debated but rarely receive public attention compared to the issues of Rohingya, Palestine, Syria, and so on. The proof is that when using a search through the database, searches regarding Rohingya and Palestine found more than three times the number of results compared to searches regarding Uyghur Muslims. This clearly shows that the lack of in-depth data on the Uyghur Muslim issue also indicates the lack of understanding and widespread exposure by the world community about the humanitarian situation faced. This study uses a qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews with a top ABIM official and research from primary and secondary ABIM sources such as official letters, annual reports, scholarly materials, books, etc. The results of the study have successfully identified that there are various forms of humanitarian aid efforts championed by ABIM to help Uyghur Muslims restore their lives, involving education, social, and security, with the production of multiple books explaining East Turkestan to the public. ABIM's active involvement through the activities has raised awareness among the entire diaspora about the humanitarian issues facing Uyghur Muslims in their region, which are universal issues like the Palestinian issue.</p> Siti Muliani Abdul Ghani Syahrin Said Copyright (c) 2025 BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) 2025-01-16 2025-01-16 8 1 12 19 Assessing Narrative Competence in Preschool Children: Key Measures and Ensuring Reliability and Validity http://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/631 <p><em>?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????</em></p> Bo Wu Jamal Rizal Razali Copyright (c) 2025 BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) 2025-01-16 2025-01-16 8 1 20 43 Kemapanan Kaedah ‘Adad wa Ma‘dud Bahasa Arab dalam Hadith Sahih Bukhari [The Stability of The ‘Adad wa Ma’dud Method in Arabic Grammar within Sahih Bukhari Hadiths] http://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/626 <p><em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud </em>merupakan satu tajuk tatabahasa yang asas dalam nahu bahasa Arab dan ia mempunyai keistimewaan dan ciri-cirinya yang tersendiri. Beberapa kajian telah mencadangkan pendekatan menerapkan pengajaran topik <em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud </em>dengan menggunakan ayat-ayat al- Quran. Justeru itu, kertas ini memilih alternatif yang berbeza iaitu meneliti kemapanan kaedah <em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud </em>bahasa Arab dalam hadith Sahih Bukhari. Kertas kerja ini berbentuk kajian kualitatif dengan data utamanya diperoleh melalui analisis teks kepustakaan. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati hadith Sahih Bukhari mempunyai data yang mencukupi, iaitu sebanyak 105 jenis sampel berkaitan <em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud</em> berjaya dikumpul dalam kajian ini. Keseluruhan bahagian <em>‘adad </em>yang dibincangkan dalam kajian ini mempunyai padanan seperti yang terdapat dalam tatabahasa Arab. Kekerapan jenis <em>‘adad</em> yang paling banyak ditemui adalah <em>‘adad mufrad, </em>diikuti oleh<em> ‘adad murakkab, ‘adad ‘uqud </em>dan<em> ‘adad ma‘tuf</em>. Kajian juga mencadangkan agar para pelajar menghafal satu contoh matan hadith sahih Bukhari dalam setiap bahagian <em>‘adad</em> sebagai panduan. Penulisan ini diharapkan dapat membantu mereka meningkatkan pencapaian dalam tajuk ini disamping dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan dalam bidang pengajian hadith.</p> <p><em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud</em> is a fundamental topic in Arabic grammar, with its own distinct characteristics and significance. Several studies have suggested using Quranic verses as a teaching approach for this topic. However, this paper adopts a different alternative by examining the stability of the <em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud</em> method in Arabic grammar through the hadiths of Sahih Bukhari. This study is qualitative in nature, with primary data obtained through textual analysis of library resources. The findings reveal that Sahih Bukhari provides sufficient data, with 105 types of examples related to <em>‘Adad wa Ma‘dud</em> identified in this research. The study confirms that all categories of ‘adad discussed align with the structures found in Arabic grammar. The most frequently observed category is <em>‘adad mufrad</em>, followed by <em>‘adad murakkab,</em> <em>‘adad ‘uqud, </em>and <em>‘adad ma‘tuf</em>. The study also suggests that students memorize one example of a Sahih Bukhari hadith text for each category of ‘adad as a practical guide. This paper aims to assist students in improving their understanding of this topic while enriching their knowledge in the field of hadith studies.</p> Fatimah Az Zahra Hamka Hakim Zainal Copyright (c) 2025 BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) 2025-01-19 2025-01-19 8 1 44 62 Analisis Keperluan Pembangunan Model Pencegahan Holistik Terhadap Pengaruh Gejala LGBT dalam Kalangan Remaja di Selangor [Analysis of The Need for Developing a Holistic Prevention Model Against The Influence of LGBT Symptoms among Adolescents in Selangor] http://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/632 <p>Analisis keperluan merupakan salah satu fasa yang penting dalam proses pengumpulan data untuk dianalisis secara sistematik bagi mendapatkan input terhadap keperluan pembangunan sesebuah modul yang mantap serta bersesuaian dengan pengguna sasaran. Kajian kualitatif ini bertujuan memperoleh data analisis keperluan bagi pembangunan Model Pencegahan Holistik Terhadap Pengaruh Gejala LGBT Dalam Kalangan Remaja Di Selangor. Seramai lima orang informan telah dipilih sebagai peserta kajian. Peserta kajian dipilih secara pensampelan bertujuan dan menepati kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Data daripada temu bual separa berstruktur ini dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dapatan kajian ini memberi implikasi positif usaha membangunkan model ini secara holistic. Hasil kajian juga telah memberi satu indikator penting kepada kajian seterusnya iaitu untuk mereka bentuk dan membangunkan Pembangunan Model Pencegahan Holistik Terhadap Pengaruh Gejala LGBT dalam Kalangan Remaja Di Selangor.</p> <p>Requirements analysis is one of the important phases in the data collection process to be systematically analyzed to obtain input on the development needs of a robust module that is suitable for target users. This qualitative study aims to obtain analysis data of the needs for the development of a Holistic Prevention Model Against the Influence of Lgbt Symptoms Among Teenagers in Selangor. A total of five informants were selected as study participants. Study participants were selected by purposive sampling and met the criteria that had been set. Data from these semi-structured interviews were analyzed descriptively. The findings of this study have positive implications for developing this model holistically. The results of the study have also provided an important indicator for the next study which is to design and develop the Development of a Holistic Prevention Model Against the Influence of LGBT Symptoms among Teenagers in Selangor.</p> Noor Hafizah Mohd Haridi Hayati Hussin Norsaleha Saleh Khairul Hamimah Mohammad Jodi Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil Wan Mohd Al Faizee Wan Ab Rahman Oo Cheng Keat Copyright (c) 2025 BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080) 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 8 1 63 78